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Exercise 1788Calculus › Multivariable calculus › Multiple integralsL1Added 3 Nov 2026

The Fubini trick

#Fubini#double integral#iterated

Statement

Compute I=∫01ln⁡(1+x)1+x2 dx\displaystyle I=\int_0^1\frac{\ln(1+x)}{1+x^2}\,dx using Fubini.

Hint

Write ln⁡(1+x)=∫01x dy1+xy\ln(1+x)=\int_0^1\frac{x\,dy}{1+xy} and apply Fubini, then use symmetry in x,yx,y.

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Solution

Write as double integral.
I=∫01∫01x(1+x2)(1+xy) dy dx.I=\int_0^1\int_0^1\frac{x}{(1+x^2)(1+xy)}\,dy\,dx.

Symmetry. Reversing x↔yx\leftrightarrow y:
2I=∫01∫01x+y(1+x2)(1+y2) dx dy.2I=\int_0^1\int_0^1\frac{x+y}{(1+x^2)(1+y^2)}\,dx\,dy.

Separate.
2I=(∫01x1+x2 dx)(∫0111+y2 dy)+(∫0111+x2 dx)(∫01y1+y2 dy).2I=\left(\int_0^1\frac{x}{1+x^2}\,dx\right)\left(\int_0^1\frac{1}{1+y^2}\,dy\right)+\left(\int_0^1\frac{1}{1+x^2}\,dx\right)\left(\int_0^1\frac{y}{1+y^2}\,dy\right).
Both equal 12ln⁡2⋅π4=πln⁡28\frac12\ln2\cdot\frac{\pi}{4}=\frac{\pi\ln2}{8}. So 2I=πln⁡242I=\frac{\pi\ln2}{4}, I=πln⁡28I=\frac{\pi\ln2}{8}.

Conclusion. I=πln⁡28I=\frac{\pi\ln2}{8}.