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Exercise 36Number theory › IrrationalityHigh schoolAdded 3 Nov 2026

Irrationality of ∛2

#cube root#irrationality#unique factorization

Statement

Prove that 23\sqrt[3]{2} is irrational.

Hint

Suppose 23=p/q\sqrt[3]{2}=p/q with gcd⁡(p,q)=1\gcd(p,q)=1.

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Solution

Assume 23=p/q\sqrt[3]{2}=p/q where pp and qq are positive integers such that gcd⁡(p,q)=1\gcd(p,q)=1. Then p3=2q3p^3=2q^3 and PP is even; write p=2p′p = 2p' where p′p' is a positive integer. That implies 2q3=p3=23p′32 q^3 = p^3 = 2^3 p'^3, hence qn=2n−1p′3q^n = 2^{n-1} p'^3, and thus qq is even. This is impossible since gcd⁡(p,q)=1\gcd(p,q)=1.

Conclusion. 23\sqrt[3]{2} is irrational.