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Exercise 57Number theory › IrrationalityHigh schoolAdded 3 Nov 2026

Irrationality of ⁿ√2

#nth root#irrationality#prime factorization

Statement

Show that 2n\sqrt[n]{2} is irrational for every n≥2n\ge2.

Hint

If 2n=p/q\sqrt[n]{2}=p/q, then pn=2qnp^n=2q^n.

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Solution

Assume 2n=p/q\sqrt[n]{2}=p/q where pp and qq are positive integers such that gcd⁡(p,q)=1\gcd(p,q)=1. Then pn=2qnp^n=2q^n and PP is even; write p=2p′p = 2p' where pp is a positive integer. That implies 2qn=pn=2np′n2 q^n = p^n = 2^n p'^n, hence qn=2n−1p′nq^n = 2^{n-1} p'^n, and thus qq is even (because n≥2n \geq 2). This is impossible since gcd⁡(p,q)=1\gcd(p,q)=1.