Maths WorkshopMaths problems with full solutions
Exercise 89Number theory › IrrationalityL1Added 3 Nov 2026

Sum of irrationals in disguise

#irrationality#sum#structure

Statement

Show that 2+3+5\sqrt2+\sqrt3+\sqrt5 is irrational.

Hint

If α∈Q\alpha\in\mathbb{Q}, square to eliminate 5\sqrt5 and get a relation involving 6\sqrt6, 10\sqrt{10}, 15\sqrt{15}; iterate until you find a contradiction.

Show solutionHide solution

Solution

Assume α∈Q\alpha\in\mathbb{Q}. α=2+3+5\alpha=\sqrt2+\sqrt3+\sqrt5.

Square. α2=10+26+210+215\alpha^2=10+2\sqrt6+2\sqrt{10}+2\sqrt{15}, so 6+10+15∈Q\sqrt6+\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{15}\in\mathbb{Q}.

Square again. (6+10+15)2=31+2(60+90+150)=31+2(215+310+56)(\sqrt6+\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{15})^2=31+2(\sqrt{60}+\sqrt{90}+\sqrt{150})=31+2(2\sqrt{15}+3\sqrt{10}+5\sqrt6).

Iterate. This gives a new linear combination of 6,10,15\sqrt6,\sqrt{10},\sqrt{15} in Q\mathbb{Q}, forcing a linear relation with rational coefficients. Combining with the first, one finds 6∈Q\sqrt6\in\mathbb{Q}, contradiction.

Conclusion. α\alpha is irrational.