The nine-point circle
Statement
In a triangle with orthocentre and circumradius , prove that the following nine points lie on one circle of radius :
- the midpoints of the three sides,
- the feet of the three altitudes,
- the midpoints of the segments , , .
Hint
Place the circumcircle as the unit circle () with vertices . The orthocentre is . Show that every one of the nine points is at distance from . The foot of the perpendicular from to is .
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Solution
Idea. All nine points are at distance from , the midpoint of .
Midpoints of the sides. For : , distance . Same for the others.
Midpoints of , , . Midpoint of is ; minus gives , distance . Same for and .
Feet of the altitudes. The foot from is , so
Same for the feet from and .
Conclusion. The nine points lie on the circle of centre and radius ; for a general , radius .
Remark. The nine-point circle is the image of the circumcircle under the homothety of centre and ratio (and also of centre and ratio ).
Lesson. Complex numbers on the unit circle turn "nine points on a circle" into nine one-line modulus computations.