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Exercise 2229Geometry › Plane geometryL1Added 4 Nov 2026

The nine-point circle

#nine-point circle#complex numbers#orthocentre#feet of altitudes

Statement

In a triangle ABCABC with orthocentre HH and circumradius RR, prove that the following nine points lie on one circle of radius R/2R/2:
- the midpoints of the three sides,
- the feet of the three altitudes,
- the midpoints of the segments AHAH, BHBH, CHCH.

Hint

Place the circumcircle as the unit circle (R=1R=1) with vertices a,b,ca,b,c. The orthocentre is h=a+b+ch=a+b+c. Show that every one of the nine points is at distance 12\tfrac12 from n=a+b+c2n=\tfrac{a+b+c}2. The foot of the perpendicular from aa to BCBC is a+b+c−bcaˉ2\frac{a+b+c-bc\bar a}2.

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Solution

Idea. All nine points are at distance 12\frac12 from n=a+b+c2n=\frac{a+b+c}2, the midpoint of OHOH.

Midpoints of the sides. For BCBC: b+c2−n=−a2\frac{b+c}2-n=-\frac a2, distance 12\frac12. Same for the others.

Midpoints of AHAH, BHBH, CHCH. Midpoint of AHAH is a+h2=2a+b+c2\frac{a+h}2=\frac{2a+b+c}2; minus nn gives a2\frac a2, distance 12\frac12. Same for BB and CC.

Feet of the altitudes. The foot from AA is d=a+b+c−bcaˉ2d=\frac{a+b+c-bc\bar a}2, so
d−n=−bcaˉ2,∣d−n∣=∣b∣∣c∣∣aˉ∣2=12.d-n=-\frac{bc\bar a}2,\qquad|d-n|=\frac{|b||c||\bar a|}2=\frac12.
Same for the feet from BB and CC.

Conclusion. The nine points lie on the circle of centre nn and radius 12\frac12; for a general RR, radius R2\frac R2. ■\blacksquare

Remark. The nine-point circle is the image of the circumcircle under the homothety of centre GG and ratio −12-\frac12 (and also of centre HH and ratio 12\frac12).

Lesson. Complex numbers on the unit circle turn "nine points on a circle" into nine one-line modulus computations.