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Exercise 1948Geometry › Plane geometryL1Added 4 Nov 2026

Three equal products at the orthocentre

#radical axis#radical centre#orthocentre#circles on diameters

Statement

Let ABCABC be an acute triangle, let D,E,FD,E,F be the feet of the altitudes from A,B,CA,B,C and let HH be its orthocentre. Prove that
HA⋅HD=HB⋅HE=HC⋅HF.HA\cdot HD=HB\cdot HE=HC\cdot HF.

Hint

Consider the three circles whose diameters are the sides of the triangle. Which points do they pass through? What is the radical axis of two of them?

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Solution

Idea. The altitudes turn out to be the radical axes of three circles, hence their common point HH has equal powers.

The circles. Let ωAB,ωBC,ωCA\omega_{AB},\omega_{BC},\omega_{CA} be the circles with diameters ABAB, BCBC, CACA. Since ∠ADB=∠ADC=90∘\angle ADB=\angle ADC=90^\circ, DD lies on ωAB\omega_{AB} and on ωCA\omega_{CA}; similarly EE lies on ωAB\omega_{AB} and ωBC\omega_{BC}, and FF lies on ωBC\omega_{BC} and ωCA\omega_{CA}.

Radical axes. The circles ωAB\omega_{AB} and ωCA\omega_{CA} both pass through AA and DD, so their radical axis is the line ADAD. Likewise the radical axis of ωAB,ωBC\omega_{AB},\omega_{BC} is BEBE, and that of ωBC,ωCA\omega_{BC},\omega_{CA} is CFCF. These three lines meet at HH, which therefore has the same power with respect to the three circles.

Computing the power. The line ADAD meets ωAB\omega_{AB} at AA and DD, so the power of HH with respect to ωAB\omega_{AB} is HA⋅HDHA\cdot HD. The line BEBE meets ωAB\omega_{AB} at BB and EE, so it is also HB⋅HEHB\cdot HE. Likewise HB⋅HE=HC⋅HFHB\cdot HE=HC\cdot HF. Therefore
HA⋅HD=HB⋅HE=HC⋅HF. ■HA\cdot HD=HB\cdot HE=HC\cdot HF.\ \blacksquare

Remark. The three altitudes concurring is itself a consequence of the radical centre theorem.

Lesson. Circles on diameters give right angles for free; radical axes then produce concurrency and equal products.