Exercise 340Combinatorics › Graph theoryL1Added 31 Oct 2026
The handshake lemma
#graphs#parity
Statement
At a party, some pairs of people shake hands (each pair at most once). Show that the number of people who shake an odd number of hands is even.
Hint
Count the total number of hands shaken in two ways.
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Solution
Let be the number of hands shaken by person . Each handshake involves two people, so
where is the total number of handshakes. This sum is even.
Modulo , each is or , so the sum is congruent to the number of people with odd. Since the sum is even, that number is even.