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Exercise 1817Combinatorics › Pigeonhole principleOlympiadAdded 3 Nov 2026

Triangle area via pigeonhole

#pigeonhole#triangle#area

Statement

Show that among any 55 points inside a unit square, three form a triangle of area ≤1/2\le 1/2.

Hint

Divide the square into 44 subsquares; use the pigeonhole result from before (two points close), then use either of the remaining points.

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Solution

Subsquares. Divide into 44 subsquares of side 1/21/2: some subsquare contains 22 points A,BA,B.

Triangle with another point. Take any third point CC among the remaining 33. The triangle ABCABC has base AB≤2/2AB\le\sqrt2/2 and height ≤2\le\sqrt2 (the diagonal of the square). So area ≤12⋅22⋅2=12\le\frac12\cdot\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\cdot\sqrt2=\frac12.

Conclusion. Three points form a triangle of area ≤1/2\le 1/2.