(n²)! is divisible by (n!)^(n+1)
Statement
Prove that is an integer for every positive integer .
Hint
Count the number of ways to split people into unordered teams of people each.
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Solution
Idea. Interpret the quotient as the number of something, which is automatically an integer.
Counting. Let be the number of ways to partition a set of distinct objects into unlabelled groups of size . Line the objects up in a row in any of orders, and cut the row into consecutive blocks of : this gives a partition. Each partition arises from exactly orderings: orders inside each of the groups, and orders in which the groups appear. Hence
Since is a number of objects, it is a positive integer.
Check. : , the three ways to split four people into two pairs.
Remark. More generally is an integer.
Lesson. To prove that an expression is an integer, find a set of objects that it counts.