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Exercise 1727Combinatorics › Inclusion-exclusionL1Added 3 Nov 2026

Colorings with constraints

#IE#coloring#constraints

Statement

How many 3×33\times3 00-11 matrices have at least one all-11 column?

Hint

IE on "column jj is all ones".

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Solution

Sets. AjA_j = column jj all ones. ∣Aj∣=26=64|A_j|=2^6=64.

Pairs. ∣Ai∩Aj∣=23=8|A_i\cap A_j|=2^3=8.

Triple. ∣A1∩A2∩A3∣=1|A_1\cap A_2\cap A_3|=1.

IE. 3⋅64−3⋅8+1=1693\cdot64-3\cdot8+1=169.

Conclusion. 169169 matrices.