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Exercise 839Algebra › Complex numbersL1Added 3 Nov 2026

Linearizing $\sin^4\theta$

#linearization#sin#De Moivre

Statement

Linearize sin⁡4θ\sin^4\theta.

Hint

sin⁡θ=(eiθ−e−iθ)/(2i)\sin\theta=(e^{i\theta}-e^{-i\theta})/(2i).

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Solution

Expansion.
sin⁡4θ=116(eiθ−e−iθ)4=116(e4iθ−4e2iθ+6−4e−2iθ+e−4iθ).\sin^4\theta=\frac{1}{16}(e^{i\theta}-e^{-i\theta})^4=\frac{1}{16}(e^{4i\theta}-4e^{2i\theta}+6-4e^{-2i\theta}+e^{-4i\theta}).

Regroup.
=116[(e4iθ+e−4iθ)−4(e2iθ+e−2iθ)+6]=116[2cos⁡4θ−8cos⁡2θ+6]=\frac{1}{16}[(e^{4i\theta}+e^{-4i\theta})-4(e^{2i\theta}+e^{-2i\theta})+6]=\frac{1}{16}[2\cos4\theta-8\cos2\theta+6]
=cos⁡4θ−4cos⁡2θ+38.=\frac{\cos4\theta-4\cos2\theta+3}{8}.

Conclusion. sin⁡4θ=cos⁡4θ−4cos⁡2θ+38\sin^4\theta=\frac{\cos4\theta-4\cos2\theta+3}{8}.