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Exercise 837Algebra › Complex numbersL1Added 3 Nov 2026

Computing roots with De Moivre

#nth roots#De Moivre#formula

Statement

Find all fourth roots of −1-1 in C\mathbb{C}.

Hint

Write −1=eiπ-1=e^{i\pi} and use the formula wk=ei(π+2kπ)/4w_k=e^{i(\pi+2k\pi)/4}.

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Solution

Exponential form. −1=eiπ-1=e^{i\pi}.

Fourth roots. wk=ei(π+2kπ)/4w_k=e^{i(\pi+2k\pi)/4} for k=0,1,2,3k=0,1,2,3:
- k=0k=0: w0=eiπ/4=22(1+i)w_0=e^{i\pi/4}=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}(1+i).
- k=1k=1: w1=ei3π/4=22(−1+i)w_1=e^{i3\pi/4}=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}(-1+i).
- k=2k=2: w2=ei5π/4=22(−1−i)w_2=e^{i5\pi/4}=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}(-1-i).
- k=3k=3: w3=ei7π/4=22(1−i)w_3=e^{i7\pi/4}=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}(1-i).

Conclusion. The four roots are 22(±1±i)\frac{\sqrt2}{2}(\pm1\pm i), with all sign combinations.