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Exercise 813Combinatorics › Binomial coefficientsL1Added 3 Nov 2026

Application to sums

#binomial#application#sum

Statement

Compute ∑k=0n(nk)(−1)k(n−k)\sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{n}{k}(-1)^k(n-k).

Hint

This is the derivative of (1−x)n(1-x)^n evaluated at x=1x=1.

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Solution

Expansion. (1−x)n=∑k(nk)(−x)k(1-x)^n=\sum_k\binom{n}{k}(-x)^k.

Derivative. −n(1−x)n−1=∑k(nk)k(−x)k−1(−1)-n(1-x)^{n-1}=\sum_k\binom{n}{k}k(-x)^{k-1}(-1)... at x=1x=1, RHS =∑kk(nk)(−1)k⋅(−1)=\sum_k k\binom{n}{k}(-1)^k\cdot(-1)? Let me just use the known formula.

Alternatively: ∑k(nk)(−1)k(n−k)=n∑k(nk)(−1)k−∑kk(nk)(−1)k=0−∑kk(nk)(−1)k\sum_k\binom{n}{k}(-1)^k(n-k)=n\sum_k\binom{n}{k}(-1)^k-\sum_k k\binom{n}{k}(-1)^k=0-\sum_k k\binom{n}{k}(-1)^k.

And ∑kk(nk)(−1)k=ddx(1+x)n∣x=−1=n(1−1)n−1=0\sum_k k\binom{n}{k}(-1)^k=\frac{d}{dx}(1+x)^n\Big|_{x=-1}=n(1-1)^{n-1}=0 for n≥2n\ge2.

Conclusion. For n≥2n\ge2, the sum is 00. For n=1n=1, the sum is −1-1.