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Exercise 634Algebra › Equations and radicalsM1Added 5 Nov 2026

Three telescoping sums

#telescoping#factorials#partial fractions

Statement

Compute, for n≥1n\ge1:
1. ∑k=1nk⋅k!\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^nk\cdot k!,
2. ∑k=1nk(k+1)!\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^n\frac k{(k+1)!},
3. ∑k=1n1k(k+1)(k+2)\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^n\frac1{k(k+1)(k+2)}.

Hint

Write each term as a difference uk+1−uku_{k+1}-u_k for a simple uku_k: for (1), k⋅k!=(k+1)!−k!k\cdot k!=(k+1)!-k!; for (3), use partial fractions.

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Solution

1. k⋅k!=(k+1−1)k!=(k+1)!−k!k\cdot k!=(k+1-1)k!=(k+1)!-k!. The sum telescopes:
∑k=1nk⋅k!=(n+1)!−1.\sum_{k=1}^nk\cdot k!=(n+1)!-1.

2. k(k+1)!=(k+1)−1(k+1)!=1k!−1(k+1)!\dfrac k{(k+1)!}=\dfrac{(k+1)-1}{(k+1)!}=\dfrac1{k!}-\dfrac1{(k+1)!}, so
∑k=1nk(k+1)!=1−1(n+1)!.\sum_{k=1}^n\frac k{(k+1)!}=1-\frac1{(n+1)!}.

3. 1k(k+1)(k+2)=12(1k(k+1)−1(k+1)(k+2))\dfrac1{k(k+1)(k+2)}=\dfrac12\left(\dfrac1{k(k+1)}-\dfrac1{(k+1)(k+2)}\right), so
∑k=1n1k(k+1)(k+2)=12(12−1(n+1)(n+2))=n(n+3)4(n+1)(n+2).\sum_{k=1}^n\frac1{k(k+1)(k+2)}=\frac12\left(\frac12-\frac1{(n+1)(n+2)}\right)=\frac{n(n+3)}{4(n+1)(n+2)}.

Check. n=1n=1: (1) 1=2!−11=2!-1; (2) 12=1−12\frac12=1-\frac12; (3) 16=44⋅2⋅3\frac16=\frac{4}{4\cdot2\cdot3} ✓.

Lesson. Make terms telescope by adding and subtracting a suitable quantity.