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Exercise 396Calculus › Single-variable calculus › Differentiation › Optimisation and curve sketchingHigh schoolAdded 2 Nov 2026

The most economical can

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Statement

A closed cylindrical can must have volume V=1000 cm3V=1000\text{ cm}^3. What radius rr and height hh minimise the amount of metal (the total surface area)? Show more generally that the optimal height is twice the radius.

Hint

Express hh in terms of rr with the volume constraint, so that the surface area becomes a function of rr alone.

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Solution

Setting up. Volume: πr2h=V\pi r^2h=V, so h=Vπr2h=\dfrac V{\pi r^2}. Surface: S=2πr2+2πrhS=2\pi r^2+2\pi rh. Substituting,
S(r)=2πr2+2Vr,r>0.S(r)=2\pi r^2+\frac{2V}r,\qquad r>0.

Critical point. S′(r)=4πr−2Vr2=0  ⟺  r3=V2πS'(r)=4\pi r-\dfrac{2V}{r^2}=0\iff r^3=\dfrac V{2\pi}. Then
h=Vπr2=2πr3πr2=2r.h=\frac V{\pi r^2}=\frac{2\pi r^3}{\pi r^2}=2r.

It is a minimum. S′S' is negative before r0r_0 and positive after (the sign of 4πr3−2V4\pi r^3-2V), and S→+∞S\to+\infty at both ends 0+0^+ and +∞+\infty. So r0r_0 is the global minimum.

Numerical answer. For V=1000V=1000: r=(500π)1/3≈5.42r=\left(\frac{500}\pi\right)^{1/3}\approx5.42 cm and h≈10.84h\approx10.84 cm, with S≈553.6 cm2S\approx553.6\text{ cm}^2.

Remark. The optimal can has a square side view (height equals diameter). Real cans are usually taller than this, because of other constraints such as the cost of sealing the edges.