Exercise 396Calculus › Single-variable calculus › Differentiation › Optimisation and curve sketchingHigh schoolAdded 2 Nov 2026
The most economical can
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Statement
A closed cylindrical can must have volume . What radius and height minimise the amount of metal (the total surface area)? Show more generally that the optimal height is twice the radius.
Hint
Express in terms of with the volume constraint, so that the surface area becomes a function of alone.
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Solution
Setting up. Volume: , so . Surface: . Substituting,
Critical point. . Then
It is a minimum. is negative before and positive after (the sign of ), and at both ends and . So is the global minimum.
Numerical answer. For : cm and cm, with .
Remark. The optimal can has a square side view (height equals diameter). Real cans are usually taller than this, because of other constraints such as the cost of sealing the edges.