Maths WorkshopMaths problems with full solutions
Exercise 1866Algebra › Rings and fieldsOlympiadAdded 3 Nov 2026

Boolean rings

#Boolean ring#idempotent#commutative

Statement

A ring RR is Boolean if x2=xx^2=x for all x∈Rx\in R. Show that any Boolean ring is commutative and has characteristic 22.

Hint

Compute (x+y)2(x+y)^2 in two ways. Also compute (x+x)2(x+x)^2.

Show solutionHide solution

Solution

Characteristic 2. (x+x)2=(2x)2=4x2=4x(x+x)^2=(2x)^2=4x^2=4x, while (x+x)2=x+x=2x(x+x)^2=x+x=2x (since x+xx+x is also in RR and is idempotent). So 4x=2x4x=2x, hence 2x=02x=0.

Commutativity. (x+y)2=x+y(x+y)^2=x+y. Expanding (using the fact that addition is commutative in the ring structure, but multiplication may not be): (x+y)2=x2+xy+yx+y2=x+xy+yx+y(x+y)^2=x^2+xy+yx+y^2=x+xy+yx+y. Equating: x+y=x+xy+yx+yx+y=x+xy+yx+y, so xy+yx=0xy+yx=0, i.e. yx=−xy=xyyx=-xy=xy (since −1=1-1=1). Commutative.

Conclusion. Boolean rings are commutative and have characteristic 22.