Every norm on M_n(R) is complete
Statement
Show that equipped with any norm is complete.
Hint
Reduce to using the Frobenius norm.
You will need the fact (proved in the problem "Equivalence of norms" below) that all norms on a finite-dimensional space are equivalent.
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Solution
Idea. Completeness is a property of the *uniform structure*, so it is the same for two equivalent norms. For one particular norm, the Frobenius norm, the space is just , which is complete.
Step 1: the Frobenius norm. A Cauchy sequence for has Cauchy entries: (previous problem). Each entry sequence converges in , say to . Let ; then , a finite sum of terms tending to .
Step 2: any other norm. Let be any norm. By equivalence of norms there are with . A sequence is -Cauchy iff it is -Cauchy, and it converges for one norm iff it converges for the other (to the same limit). Hence completeness transfers.
Remark. This is specific to finite dimension. In infinite dimension, different norms on the same vector space can give a complete and a non-complete space (e.g. continuous functions with the sup norm versus the norm).