Let V=span((1,1,0),(0,1,1)) in R3. Compute the matrix of the orthogonal projection onto V.
Hint
Build an orthonormal basis of V using Gram-Schmidt, then use P=QQT where Q has the orthonormal basis as columns.
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Solution
Orthonormalization.u1=(1,1,0)/2. The projection of (0,1,1) onto u1 is ⟨(0,1,1),u1⟩u1=(1/2)⋅(1,1,0)/2=(1/2)(1,1,0). The orthogonal part is (0,1,1)−(1/2)(1,1,0)=(−1/2,1/2,1). Norm: 1/4+1/4+1=3/2. So u2=2/3(−1/2,1/2,1)=(−1/6,1/6,2/3).
Projection matrix.P=u1u1T+u2u2T: u1u1T=21110110000,u2u2T=611−1−12/2−1112/2−12/212/24. After simplifying (and using 12/2=3): P=6142−3243−334.
Verification.P is symmetric, P2=P, and P fixes V (check on the generators).