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Exercise 1035Logic, sets and proofs › Proof techniques › InductionL1Added 3 Nov 2026

An identity for Fibonacci numbers

#induction#Fibonacci#identity

Statement

Let F0=0,F1=1,Fn+2=Fn+1+FnF_0=0,F_1=1,F_{n+2}=F_{n+1}+F_n. Prove that ∑k=0nFk=Fn+2−1\sum_{k=0}^{n}F_k=F_{n+2}-1.

Hint

Base case n=0n=0; inductive step.

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Solution

Base case. n=0n=0: ∑k=00Fk=0=F2−1=1−1=0\sum_{k=0}^0F_k=0=F_2-1=1-1=0. ✓

Inductive step. Assume ∑k=0nFk=Fn+2−1\sum_{k=0}^nF_k=F_{n+2}-1. Then
∑k=0n+1Fk=Fn+2−1+Fn+1=Fn+3−1.\sum_{k=0}^{n+1}F_k=F_{n+2}-1+F_{n+1}=F_{n+3}-1.

Conclusion. The identity holds for all n≥0n\ge0.