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Exercise 376Calculus › Single-variable calculus › Differentiation › Differentiable functionsL1Added 2 Nov 2026

Logarithmic differentiation

#derivative#exponential form#powers with variable exponent

Statement

Compute the derivatives of
f(x)=xx (x>0),g(x)=xsin⁡x (x>0).f(x)=x^x\ (x>0),\qquad g(x)=x^{\sin x}\ (x>0).

Hint

Write uv=evln⁡uu^v=e^{v\ln u} and apply the chain rule.

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Solution

Idea. The rule (xn)′=nxn−1(x^n)'=nx^{n-1} is only for constant exponents. When the exponent varies, rewrite the function as an exponential.

For ff. f(x)=exln⁡xf(x)=e^{x\ln x}, so
f′(x)=exln⁡x⋅(xln⁡x)′=xx(ln⁡x+1).f'(x)=e^{x\ln x}\cdot(x\ln x)'=x^x(\ln x+1).

For gg. g(x)=esin⁡xln⁡xg(x)=e^{\sin x\ln x}, so
g′(x)=xsin⁡x(cos⁡x ln⁡x+sin⁡xx).g'(x)=x^{\sin x}\left(\cos x\,\ln x+\frac{\sin x}x\right).

Remark. f′(x)=0f'(x)=0 exactly when ln⁡x=−1\ln x=-1, i.e. x=1ex=\frac1e: the function xxx^x has its minimum on (0,+∞)(0,+\infty) at x=1ex=\frac1e, with value e−1/e≈0.692e^{-1/e}\approx0.692.