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Exercise 1265Algebra › InequalitiesOlympiadAdded 4 Nov 2026

Chebyshev's sum inequality and a^a b^b c^c

#Chebyshev's sum inequality#logarithm#monotone sequences

Statement

  1. Prove Chebyshev's inequality: if x1≤x2≤x3x_1\le x_2\le x_3 and y1≤y2≤y3y_1\le y_2\le y_3 then 3∑xiyi≥(∑xi)(∑yi)3\sum x_iy_i\ge\left(\sum x_i\right)\left(\sum y_i\right).
  2. Deduce that for a,b,c>0a,b,c>0: aabbcc≥(abc)(a+b+c)/3a^ab^bc^c\ge(abc)^{(a+b+c)/3}.
Hint

For 1, expand ∑i,j(xi−xj)(yi−yj)\sum_{i,j}(x_i-x_j)(y_i-y_j). For 2, apply part 1 to (a,b,c)(a,b,c) and (ln⁡a,ln⁡b,ln⁡c)(\ln a,\ln b,\ln c).

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Solution

1. For all i,ji,j, the numbers xi−xjx_i-x_j and yi−yjy_i-y_j have the same sign, so (xi−xj)(yi−yj)≥0(x_i-x_j)(y_i-y_j)\ge0. Summing over all ordered pairs (i,j)(i,j):
0≤∑i,j(xi−xj)(yi−yj)=2⋅3∑ixiyi−2(∑xi)(∑yj).0\le\sum_{i,j}(x_i-x_j)(y_i-y_j)=2\cdot3\sum_ix_iy_i-2\left(\sum x_i\right)\left(\sum y_j\right).
Dividing by 22 gives the claim.

2. Since ln⁡\ln is increasing, (a,b,c)(a,b,c) and (ln⁡a,ln⁡b,ln⁡c)(\ln a,\ln b,\ln c) are similarly ordered. By part 1,
3(aln⁡a+bln⁡b+cln⁡c)≥(a+b+c)(ln⁡a+ln⁡b+ln⁡c).3(a\ln a+b\ln b+c\ln c)\ge(a+b+c)(\ln a+\ln b+\ln c).
Divide by 33 and apply exp⁡\exp:
aabbcc≥(abc)(a+b+c)/3.a^ab^bc^c\ge(abc)^{(a+b+c)/3}.

Equality iff a=b=ca=b=c.

Remark. The same proof works for any nn and any increasing function in place of ln⁡\ln.

Lesson. When a sum looks like an "average of a product versus product of averages", Chebyshev is the tool.