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Exercise 2157Combinatorics › Inclusion-exclusionOlympiadAdded 3 Nov 2026

The ménage problem (statement)

#ménage#IE#arrangements

Statement

State the ménage problem and give the formula using IE.

Hint

nn couples around a table, men and women alternate, no spouses adjacent.

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Solution

Setup. Arrange nn men around a round table ((n−1)!(n-1)! ways), then seat nn women in the gaps (alternating). No couple adjacent.

IE. Total arrangements (men fixed): n!n! seatings of women. Bad: couple ii adjacent. IE gives
Mn=∑k=0n(−1)k2n2n−k(2n−kk)(n−k)!.M_n=\sum_{k=0}^n(-1)^k\frac{2n}{2n-k}\binom{2n-k}{k}(n-k)!.

Conclusion. The ménage numbers are given by the IE formula above. M3=1M_3=1, M4=2M_4=2, M5=13M_5=13.