At least two properties
Statement
Among items: have property , have , have , have and , have and , have and , have all three. How many have at least two properties?
Hint
Sum pairwise intersections, then correct by triple intersection.
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Solution
Sum pairwise. . But items with all three are counted times, we want once.
Correct. Items with exactly two: pairwise sum (triple)? No — items with all three contribute to pairwise sum (each pair) but should contribute only once. Items with exactly two contribute to pairwise sum. So: at least two = (pairwise sum) (triple) + (triple)? This is getting confused.
Correct approach. At least two = (exactly 2) + (exactly 3). Let , exactly two. Pairwise sum = if we count per item? No: pairwise sum counts each item with exactly two properties once, and each item with three properties times. So pairwise sum , giving . At least two .
Conclusion. items have at least two properties.