Exercise 1986Geometry › Plane geometryOlympiadAdded 5 Nov 2026
Ptolemy's inequality by inversion
#inversion#Ptolemy's inequality#triangle inequality
Statement
For any four points in the plane, prove Ptolemy's inequality
Hint
Invert about with radius . First find the distance between the images of two points.
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Solution
The inversion. Assume . The inversion with centre and radius sends a point to on ray with .
Lemma. For : . (SAS similarity of and .)
The inequality. The triangle inequality in the images gives . By the lemma,
Multiply by :
Remark (equality). Equality holds exactly when lie on a circle in this order (or on a line): Ptolemy's theorem.
Lesson. Inversion turns a product of distances into a sum of distances; the triangle inequality in the image gives the inequality in the original configuration.