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Exercise 758Calculus › Differential equations › First-order equationsL1Added 2 Nov 2026

Newton's law of cooling

#Newton cooling#separable equation#modelling

Statement

A beer at 40∘40^\circF is placed in a room at 70∘70^\circF. After 10 minutes, its temperature is 48∘48^\circF. Using Newton's law of cooling y′=k(70−y)y' = k(70-y), find the temperature after 25 minutes.

Hint

Separate: dy70−y=k dt\frac{dy}{70-y} = k\,dt. Solve with y(0)=40y(0)=40, then use y(10)=48y(10)=48 to find kk.

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Solution

Separation.
dy70−y=k dt  ⟹  −ln⁡∣70−y∣=kt+C  ⟹  y(t)=70−Ae−kt.\frac{dy}{70-y} = k\,dt \implies -\ln|70-y| = kt + C \implies y(t) = 70 - Ae^{-kt}.

Initial condition. y(0)=40y(0)=40 gives 40=70−A40 = 70 - A, so A=30A=30.

Finding kk. y(10)=48y(10)=48 gives
48=70−30e−10k  ⟹  e−10k=2230=1115  ⟹  k=−110ln⁡1115≈0.0310.48 = 70 - 30e^{-10k} \implies e^{-10k} = \frac{22}{30} = \frac{11}{15} \implies k = -\frac{1}{10}\ln\frac{11}{15} \approx 0.0310.

At t=25t=25.
y(25)=70−30e−25k≈70−30e−0.775≈70−13.82=56.18∘F.y(25) = 70 - 30e^{-25k} \approx 70 - 30e^{-0.775} \approx 70 - 13.82 = 56.18^\circ\text{F}.