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Exercise 865Calculus › Multivariable calculus › ContinuityL1Added 3 Nov 2026

Discontinuity via two paths

#discontinuity#paths#limits

Statement

Show that the functions
f(x,y)=xx+y  and  g(x,y)=xyx+yf(x,y)=\dfrac{x}{x+y} \, \, \text{and} \, \, g(x,y)=\dfrac{xy}{x+y}
with f(0,0)=g(0,0)=0f(0,0)= g(0,0)=0 are not continuous at the origin.

Hint

Check the paths y=axy=ax and y=ax+bx2y = ax + b x^2.

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Solution

Continuity of ff. On y=axy=ax, f(x,ax)=11+af(x,ax)=\frac{1}{1+a}. As x→0x\to0, this tends to 11+a\frac{1}{1+a} for each a≠−1a \neq -1. Hence ff is not continuous at the origin.
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Continuity of gg. On y=axy=ax, g(x,ax)=ax1+a→0g(x,ax)=\frac{ax}{1+a} \rightarrow 0 as x→0x\to0 for any a≠−1a \neq -1 (this does not mean gg is continuous!). Along y=ax+bx2y=ax+bx^2 with a=−1a=-1, b≠0b\neq0:
g(x,−x+bx2)=x(−x+bx2)bx2=−x+bx2bx=−1b+x→−1bg(x,-x+bx^2)=\frac{x(-x+bx^2)}{bx^2}=\frac{-x+bx^2}{bx}=\frac{-1}{b}+x \rightarrow \frac{-1}{b}
as x→0x \rightarrow 0. Limits differ along different paths; gg is not continuous at the origin.

Remark. The example of gg shows that checking limits along all straight lines through the origin is necessary but *not* sufficient for the existence of a two-variable limit.